The number of traders who seek expert results is great; the number who are actually pursuing a developmental path toward expertise is relatively small.

A large body of research across various performance fields--from athletics to the performing arts--informs us of what it takes to achieve expert results. Until very recently, however, this research has gone unnoticed in the trading world. All too often, expertise is promised as the result of following a particular trading method, guru's advice, or self-help strategy. Rather, expertise is the result of several interwoven elements:

1) A developmental process - In every field that has been researched, sustained levels of expert performance have only occurred after there has been an ongoing process of skill acquisition. The well-known "ten year rule" suggests that most expert performers--musicians, athletes, chess players--require ten years of concentrated practice in order to master the knowledge and skills in their fields. Interestingly, however, the developmental process of the expert does not begin with such intensive effort. It begins with sheer fun and the discovery of a close match between the demands of a field and one's own talents, skills, and interests. Finding a performance niche--one in which performance becomes intrinsically emotionally rewarding--is necessary to sustain the effort needed for those ten years of learning.

2) Multiplier effects - The expert performer not only follows a different developmental process from the non-expert, but also follows a very different trajectory. The budding expert who finds a niche is often singled out by mentors for enriched learning experiences, which in turn create enhanced performance, and future opportunities. Normal learning follows a linear course; learning with multiplier effects is subject to compounding. Performance is neither all heredity, nor is it all environment. Instead, superior talents (heredity) help us select the experiences (environment) that will best maximize our performance.

3) Resilience - The odds that an expert performer will produce a successful outcome do not improve over the course of the expert's career, according to the research of Dean Keith Simonton. An expert batter is just as likely to strike out during his peak years as during his earlier career; an expert actress is as likely to produce a flop as a hit throughout her career. Highly accomplished individuals are distinguished by their sheer levels of productivity: they produce so many efforts that, eventually, some of them survive the process of natural selection and are enshrined as major achievements. A great trader may lose on many trades, but--with superior capitalization and risk management--stays in the game long enough to produce the large wins that make for a successful career. This requires an ability to tolerate losses and disappointment--a resilience that would lead many others to quit before ever reaching a pinnacle of productivity.

Are you on the path to expertise? A yes/no answer to each of the following questions might aid your frank self-assessment:

1) Do you have a structured process for identifying strengths and weaknesses in your trading and using these to continually improve your future trading performance?

2) Do you spend as much (or more) time working on your trading performance as you do in actual trading?

3) Does your trading make use of specific talents (lifelong abilities) and skills (acquired competencies) that have led to superior achievement in other areas of your life?

Simply writing in a journal or talking with a coach is no more a performance strategy for a trader than it is for an Olympic athlete. Yes, journals and coaches can be helpful in generating ideas, but performance ultimately hinges on the accelerated learning that comes from the multiplier effects of a concentrated developmental process. Think of a world-class athlete or concert violinist, and you'll have a sense for what it takes to develop expertise in trading--or any field of endeavor.

Brett N. Steenbarger, Ph.D. is Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, NY and author of The Psychology of Trading (Wiley, 2003). As Director of Trader Development for Kingstree Trading, LLC in Chicago, he has mentored numerous professional traders and coordinated a training program for traders. An active trader of the stock indexes, Brett utilizes statistically-based pattern recognition for intraday trading. Brett does not offer commercial services to traders, but maintains an archive of articles and a trading blog at www.brettsteenbarger.com and a research blog. His forthcoming book (Fall, 2006), Enhancing Trader Performance, applies research-based ideas and techniques to the development of traders.