African Copper Plc: Half Yearly Report

LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM, Aug 15, 2008 (Marketwire via COMTEX) -- AFNCF | Quote | Chart | News | PowerRating -- African Copper Plc (AIM:ACU)(TSX:ACU)(BOTSWANA:AFRICAN COPPER) -

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

For the Period Ended 30 June 2008

The following management discussion and analysis ("MD&A") of the operating results and financial condition of African Copper Plc ("African Copper" or the "Company") and its subsidiaries is for the three and six months ended 30 June 2008 compared with 30 June 2007. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the 31 December 2007 audited consolidated financial statements of the Company (the "Financial Statements") and the related notes thereto (the "Notes"). The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") (see Note 2: Principal Accounting Policies). All amounts herein are expressed in British Pounds Sterling unless otherwise indicated and the information is current to 14 August 2008.

The scientific and technical information in this MD&A has been prepared under the supervision of Mr. James Arthur, FSAIMM, the General Manager of the Mowana Mine and a "qualified person" as defined by Canadian National Instrument 43-101.

Additional information relating to the Company, including the Company's Annual Information Form, is available at www.africancopper.com or under the Company's profile on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com.

UPDATED BUSINESS OVERVIEW AND STRATEGY

African Copper is an international exploration and development company focused on Africa. The Company is incorporated in England and Wales, and its ordinary shares are tri-listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange ("AIM"), the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") and the Botswana Stock Exchange ("BSE"). The ordinary shares trade on AIM and the TSX under the symbol "ACU", and on the BSE under the symbol "African Copper".

Mowana Project Development

Completion of the commissioning of the processing facility at the open-pit Mowana Mine in Botswana has been delayed and it is expected to complete the ramp up to commercial production in the fourth quarter of 2008. This overrun was caused by, among other things, delays in delivery of component parts and unexpected equipment failures of primary crusher components, delays in the supply of fabrication materials and the integration of electrical and instrumentation reticulation, contributing to late automation of process controls being achieved. Hot commissioning of the crusher and mill facility has been completed. First concentrate production occurred at the end of July and concentrate shipment is scheduled to start by the end of August.

Revised Mine Plan

Following the resignation of Joseph Hamilton as Chief Executive Officer and the appointment of Chris Fredericks as his replacement, the Company's board of Directors (the "Board") directed management to review the initial mining plan and strategy. This review is focused on maximizing and optimizing the Mowana resources and process facilities and in particular reviewing the schedule for the possible integration of the underground mining of the Mowana sulphide resource. The review takes into account the expanded understanding of the Mowana deposit gained through open-pit mining operations, the current stockpiles and the exposed ore along approximately 1,500m of strike within the pit. Based on its preliminary analysis, management has concluded that accessing the near-mine satellite open-pittable resources at Thakadu and mineralization recently identified 520 metres south of the Mowana Mine at Erasmus Winze (the "Southern Extension") has the potential to increase the annual production profile over the next five years and to attain processing facility capacity utilization sooner than the trial underground mining programme envisaged by the initial mining plan. This strategy would require the addition of Dense Media Separation ("DMS") equipment in the first quarter of 2009 rather than in 2010 as envisaged in the initial mine plan. Management is continuing to refine this revised mine plan and expects to complete it in the fourth quarter of 2008. The previously announced pre-feasibility study in respect of the viability of an underground mine at Mowana will be completed after the revised mine plan is finalized.

Industry wide cost escalation and delays in commissioning have resulted in increases in the costs of building and operating the Mowana Mine (see "Capital and Operating Costs" on page 3 below). In addition, under the proposed revised mining plan, the commissioning of DMS equipment will be accelerated along with development expenditures for both the Thakadu and the Southern Extension areas. As a result, the Company has determined that it will require additional working capital and capital equipment financing (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources" on page 12 below).

MOWANA PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

Revised Production Strategy:

The Mowana pit has an estimated seven-year mine life in the open pit and it offers African Copper further near-term strike potential to the north and south. African Copper intends to exploit this open pit reserve while continuing to pursue exploration potential around and under the open pit, and in the Matsitama Belt. The revised mine plan and production strategy will be aimed at providing and maintaining a high grade direct feed stream and a DMS grade stream to attain maximum mill input.

The revised production strategy envisages the following identified growth opportunities:

1. Introduction of a 300 tonne per hour ("tph") DMS facility, scheduled to be operational in the second quarter of 2009.

2. Supplement the highest grade available ore from Mowana through the dual oxide-sulphide floatation concentrator with additional high grade direct feed material sourced from a satellite open pit operation at Thakadu, subject to permitting and granting of the requisite mining licence. As described in the press release dated 25 July 2007, independent consultant RSG Global Consulting ("RSG") has completed a resource estimate at Thakadu. RSG reported an estimated indicated mineral resource of 4.715 million tonnes grading 1.72% copper and an estimated inferred mineral resource of 0.961 million tonnes at 1.29% copper. In each case, estimated mineral resources represent a mineralized envelope based on a 0.25% copper cut-off utilizing ordinary kriging. Contained within this estimate was an indicated silver resource of 3.558 million tonnes grading 16 g/t silver. These mineral resource estimates were SAMREC, JORC and NI 43-101 compliant. RSG's technical report respecting this resource estimate is dated 24 July 2007 and entitled "Database Review, Geological Modelling and Grade Estimation of the Thakadu Copper Project" and is available on the Company's website at www.africancopper.com and under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

3. Supplement Mowana open pit feed with additional DMS feed mined from the Southern Extension.

4. Integrate underground access at Mowana - at this time greater than 70% of the known estimated mineral resource base at Mowana lies outside of the open-pit boundary. The exploitation of near surface resources at Thakadu and the mineralization in the Southern Extension is believed to be less capital intensive in the short-term and provides more rapid access to mineralization than the previously considered development of an underground trial mining section. A pre-feasibility study will be completed on underground access once the final revised mine plans have been completed, which is expected to be in the fourth quarter of 2008. The pre-feasibility study will consider the effective utilisation of near surface potential to optimise the future underground mining strategy, which may see multiple access points into the significant strike length of deeper sulphide mineralisation from the lower level elevations developed during open pit extraction.

Open Pit Mining Operations:

Following the successful mobilization of the mining contractor in 2007 and the commissioning of the truck and shovel fleet in the first quarter 2008, the production from Mowana pit has ramped up to the required/budgeted output volumes of approx 600,000 bench cubic metres per month. Pit infrastructure is in place and fully integrated into mine design including establishment of surface facilities, access roads, waste dumps and ore stockpiles.

Management believes excellent progress has been made in the preparation of the open-pit for commercial mining activity with the load and haul operations in 2008 dropping the pit to 20m below surface. Development is progressing on schedule on the upper benches with the 1000ml and 990ml benches complete and current operations focused on 980ml bench. The mining level developed has exposed ore along approximately 1,500m of strike within the pit enabling the required ore stockpile to be built up prior to plant commissioning. Ore volumes exposed to date within the pit are consistent with prior ore body modeling. The tenor of mineralisation exposed shows encouraging signs of increased levels of supergene exposure within the southern portion of the pit. As a result of the above, at 8 August 2008 stockpiles at Mowana consisted of approximately 807,100 tonnes of ore at approximately 1% Cu%, including approximately 250,000 tonnes grading 1.73% Cu% on the high grade stockpile.

The initial shortfall in monthly production caused by the delay in commissioning is expected to be largely recouped in 2008, based on the grades of material on the current stockpile that will be processed immediately, and will be supplemented with similar tenor from ore exposed in the south of the pit for the balance of 2008. Management anticipates that approximately 5,000 tonnes of copper in concentrate will be produced in 2008, representing a 9% decrease from the initial estimate.

Mine staffing has progressed well during the quarter and all senior staff positions have been filled. The mine's organisational structure is in place and functioning well. Shop floor and management systems are complete and in place. Processing plant operator training has commenced which together with the cold and hot commissioning process will prepare operators and staff for ramp up to commercial production in the fourth quarter.

Processing:

Further metallurgical test work has been carried out during the quarter. Laboratory scale tests have indicated the potential for improved oxide copper recoveries through the use of a hydroxymate based reagent suite compared with the standard sulphidization process adopted in the present plant process flow sheets. Further test work on hydroxomates at pilot plant scale was completed, however these results were inconclusive. It is envisaged that this test work programme will be revisited at plant scale once a stable plant operating environment is achieved.

Capital and Operating Costs:

Capital:

Industry wide cost escalation and delays in commissioning have resulted in increases in the costs of building the Mowana plant. In addition, certain design modifications were incorporated during the Mowana construction period to improve the operational flexibility of the Mowana plant. African Copper is now estimating that the total capital costs of the Mowana Mine, excluding mining fleet costs, will be ZAR534.8 million (Pounds Sterling 36.3 million). The design changes total ZAR 31.1 million (Pounds Sterling 2.1 million) and include the introduction of a stockpile prior to secondary crushing, moving the ROM crushing area to a new position, realignment of the Botswana Power Corporation servitude as well as the inclusion of a full brick built metallurgical facility. Taking into account the effect of the Pounds Sterling 2.1 million cost of the design changes referred to above, the total capital cost estimate has increased 8.6% over the previous estimate of ZAR 464.6 million (Pounds Sterling 31.5 million). As discussed above, the Company is in the process of developing a revised mine plan which is designed to increase production. Based on its preliminary analysis, management believes that additional funding will be required for the revised mine plan, including funding for development of Thakadu and the Southern Extension and related infrastructure and the acquisition of the 300 tph DMS plant.

Operating costs:

The following components of the costs which were contained in the report entitled "National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report on the Mowana Mine Botswana" dated November 2007 by Read, Swatman and Voight (Pty) Ltd have been updated based on actual operations in 2008; ore and waste mining costs which have increased from $US2.21 to $US2.61 per tonne; and transportation costs which have increased from $US100 to $US282 per tonne. A substantial portion of the mining cost increase relates to increased diesel fuel costs as well as increased consumable costs such as spares, tyres and explosives and drilling costs. In addition, smelter treatment charges decreased from $US65 to $US45 per tonne; smelter refining charges decreased from $US0.065 to $US0.045 per pound of copper; and processing costs have increased from $US9.26 to $US10.30 per tonne.

THE OUTLOOK FOR COPPER

The beginning of the third quarter of 2008 saw copper touching a new record high of $8,930/tonne. Although technical factors and a perceived shortage of supply and lack of replacement projects were contributory factors, this is a notable achievement given the weakness in the global economy and a recent decline in Chinese demand. This would suggest good upside when the Chinese decide to restock inventories. Given the additional factors of a very tight concentrate market and ongoing money flows into commodities in general, management believes there is scope for another rally in copper prices towards the end of the year or in early 2009. On the supply side forecasts have generally seen downward revisions amid ongoing problems, disruptions and shortages at the mine stage of the supply chain that will keep refined output constrained for the next few years. Recent production reports and comments from major producers justify this pessimistic view on copper supply growth. However, despite this bullish longer term trend, the short term outlook has become increasingly bearish due to a seasonal build-up in inventories, a lack of Chinese buying and supply concerns. Consensus would seem to indicate that prices could fall in the short term followed by a possible rally that could sustain and support historically high copper prices over the medium to longer term.

MATSITAMA

NOTE: To view a map, please visit the following link: http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/acu815.pdf

The Matsitama prospecting licences cover a very large area of 3,800 km2 highly prospective mineral holdings. These licences are contiguous with the Mowana deposit discussed above.

Work in the second quarter of 2008 continued on the three main structural corridors identified in the belt and in the Ultramafic Formations with Ni-PGM potential, namely: Thakadu Mutsuku Corridor, Nakalakwana Hill Corridor, Lepashe Cu-Snake Corridor and the Mosupe-Sebotha (Ni-PGM) Formations.

Results for the Regional Soil Sampling (12,000 samples) and the Nakalakwana Area (3,000 samples) were received during the period and are currently being interpreted. The Regional Soil Sampling covers the southern extension of the Bushman Shear, the west part of the Lepashe Cu-Snake Corridor and western Sebotha (Ni-PGM) Formation. The Nakalakwana Area includes the Nakalakwana Hill prospect.

Most of the 2008 diamond drilling has tested Titan I.P. geophysical targets and soil geochemical anomalies on grids in the Thakadu-Mutsuku Corridor. In addition to the eight holes drilled on the Thakadu Extension Grid in the Q1, another eight holes were drilled on the Thakadu (2-holes), Makala (2-holes), Dihudi (2-holes) and Mutsuku (2-holes) grids. Two geochemical anomalies on the Guba-Gaokae Grid (1-hole) in the Mosupe Formation and on the Palamela Grid (1-hole) in the Lepashe Cu-Snake Corridor were also drill-tested.

Within the Thakadu-Mutsuku Corridor, the Thakadu deposit represents an advanced exploration project now being integrated into the revised mine plan with a view to supplementing Mowana Mine production. Exploration efforts have therefore been focused on the unexplored geophysical and geochemical anomalies within 10 kilometres of the Thakadu deposits.

The third quarter of 2008 will involve the detailed compilation of the soil data, interpretation and prioritization of targets. To date 23,103 samples have been sent to the laboratory and 58 anomalies drilled with encouraging results. A structural report from the drilling of the Cu-Au Nakalakwana Hill prospect is currently being completed by RSG. On the recommendations of RSG and SRK International a structural foliation/vegetation trace map from satellite and air-photos has been started in order to aid in structural and anomaly interpretation. This will add to the geological base map which is constantly being updated from trench mapping and drilling.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to select from possible alternative accounting principles, and to make estimates and assumptions that determine the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and reported costs and expenditures during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions include those related to the recoverability of mineral properties, estimated useful lives of capital assets, stock compensation and financial instruments valuation assumptions and determination as to whether costs are expensed or deferred. While management believes that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, actual results could vary significantly. A summary of the critical account estimates is listed below.

Resource Properties, Deferred Exploration and Mine Development Costs:

Exploration and evaluation costs arising following the acquisition of an exploration licence are capitalised on a project-by-project basis, pending determination of the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the project. Upon demonstration of the technical and commercial feasibility of a project, any past deferred exploration and evaluation costs related to that project will be reclassified as mine development and infrastructure.

Capitalised deferred exploration expenditures are reviewed for impairment losses at each balance sheet date. In the case of undeveloped properties, there may be only inferred resources to form a basis for the impairment review. The review is based on a status report regarding the Company's intentions for development of the undeveloped property. The Company may periodically revise its valuation based on additional exploration results and determine that the carrying value of the property on the balance sheet is impaired. When such a change in estimate is made, there may be a material effect on the balance sheet and income statement.

Based on the fact that the Board approved development of the Mowana Mine in September 2006 the deferred exploration costs incurred to date on Mowana were reclassified as mine development and infrastructure costs and future general and administrative costs expensed. Mowana mine development and infrastructure costs comprise the largest component of the Company's non-current assets and as such the evaluation of impairment of these assets has a significant effect on the Company's financial statements. The assessment of the carrying value involves the study of geological and economic data (including resource estimates) and the reliance on a number of assumptions. These estimates of resources may change based on additional knowledge gained subsequent to the assessment. This may include additional data available from the continued development activities of the Mowana Mine Project, actual production data when available or the impact of economic factors such as changes in the price of copper or the cost of construction and development costs or the cost of components of production.

Asset Retirement Obligations:

Asset retirement obligations are future costs to retire an asset including dismantling, remediation and ongoing treatment and monitoring of the site. The liability is accreted over time through period charges to the Consolidated Income Statement. In addition, the asset retirement cost is capitalised as part of the asset's carrying value and amortized over the asset's useful life. Subsequent to the initial recognition of the asset retirement obligation and associated asset retirement cost, changes resulting from a revision to either timing or amount of estimated cash flows are prospectively reflected in the year those estimates change.

The Company estimates the total discounted amount of cash flows required to settle its asset retirement obligations at 30 June 2008 is Pounds Sterling 1,486,244. The estimate is based on the anticipated seven year open-pit mine life, Botswana inflation of 10% and a discount factor of 14% being the coupon on the Botswana interest bearing borrowings. Although the ultimate amount to be incurred is uncertain, the independent Environmental Impact Statement, completed on the Mowana Mine by Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Limited in September 2006, using an assumption that mining continues to 2023, estimated the undiscounted cost to rehabilitate the Mowana Mine site of 24.3 million Pula (Pounds Sterling 2 million).

Under the terms of the Mining Licence, by the end of the first financial year in which copper is produced and sold, the Company must establish a trust fund to provide for rehabilitation of the Mowana Mine site once the mine closes. The Company will annually make contributions to this fund over the life of the mine so that these capital contributions together with the investment income earned will cover the anticipated costs. At the end of each financial year, the Company will reassess the estimated remaining life of mine as well as the cost to rehabilitate the mine site and adjust its annual contributions accordingly.

Derivative Financial Instruments:

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, in particular copper put contracts, to manage financial risks associated with their underlying business activities and the financing of those activities. Derivative financial instruments are measured at their fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are recognised on the balance sheet when the Company has become party to the contractual obligations of the instrument. Derivative financial instruments, which are not effective hedges, are measured at fair value, with the movement in fair value being recognized in the consolidated income statement for the period. Movements in the fair value of derivative financial instruments which are considered effective hedges are recognised directly in equity.

Share Based Payments:

The Company is required to charge the Consolidated Income Statement with the fair value of the options issued. This calculated charge amount is not based on historical cost, but is derived based on assumptions input into an option pricing model. The model requires that management make several assumptions as to future events, including: an estimate of the average future hold period of issued stock options before exercise, expiry or cancellation; future volatility of the Company's share price in the expected hold period (using historical volatility as a reference); and the appropriate risk-free rate of interest. The resulting value calculated is not necessarily the value of which the holder of the option could receive in an arm's length transaction, given there is no market for the options and they are not transferable. The value derived from the option pricing model is highly subjective and dependent entirely upon the input assumptions made. The fair value of the option is either expensed or capitalised as a deferred exploration cost depending on the nature of the employee services received.

OVERALL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Three months ended Six months ended 30 June 30 June Pounds Sterling Pounds Sterling 2008 2007 2008 2007 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bank interest receivable (581,024) (785,736) (1,055,656) (1,489,411) Corporate G&A, consultants, 312,052 147,938 458,782 423,485 salaries and benefits Botswana G&A, consultants, 275,637 134,937 494,320 184,796 salaries and benefits Insurance 8,408 46,667 16,715 82,509 Directors fees 16,900 16,950 33,800 33,900 Investor relations 34,550 45,429 71,794 72,785 Public company administration 23,319 35,338 69,630 77,568 Travel, accommodation 43,842 35,672 134,058 79,978 Professional fees 158,638 87,271 311,032 163,532 Depreciation - 24,731 - 41,061 Share based compensation 28,306 217,402 43,686 439,012 Interest expense 418,742 - 418,742 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,320,394 792,335 2,052,559 1,598,626 Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 37,576 (56,360) 835,699 20,258 Hedging loss 814,340 - 814,340 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loss/(gain) 1,591,286 (49,761) 2,646,942 129,473 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Three Months Ended 30 June 2008

For the three-month period ended 30 June 2008, the Company recorded a net loss of Pounds Sterling 1,591,286 (1.10p), compared with a net gain Pounds Sterling 49,761 (0.04p) in the year earlier second quarter. As evidenced in the above table, the increased loss during the current quarter compared to the previous year's quarter was the result of lower bank interest receivable, higher corporate and Botswana administration costs, increased professional fees and interest and related fees in respect of the Botswana Note Programme as described below.

Bank interest receivable:

Bank interest receivable for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 decreased to Pounds Sterling 581,024 from Pounds Sterling 785,736 in the second quarter of fiscal 2007. The lower bank interest receivable related to lower average cash balances throughout the current year quarter compared to the previous year's first quarter as funds continued to be utilized for the Mowana Mine construction programme.

Corporate general and administration, consultants, salaries and benefits:

During the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company incurred a total of Pounds Sterling 312,052 (2007: Pounds Sterling 147,938) in corporate salaries, general and administrative expenses. The increase was primarily related to a severance amount of Pounds Sterling 173,040 paid during the second quarter of fiscal 2008 to Joseph Hamilton pursuant to a leaving and termination agreement between the Company, Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Hamilton's company Pickax International Corporation. See "Transactions with Related Parties". On 12 June 2008 Mr. Hamilton resigned as Chief Executive Officer and from the Board of Directors.

Botswana general and administration, salaries and benefits:

During the second quarter of 2008, Botswana general administration and salary costs increased to Pounds Sterling 275,637 compared to Pounds Sterling 134,937 for the same period in 2007. In anticipation of commercial production commencing at the Mowana Mine, general and administration costs increased substantially with expenditures incurred for hiring of new people and establishing infrastructure and systems.

Insurance:

The insurance expense for the three months ended 30 June 2008 reflected the cost of directors' and officers' insurance for the period. The insurance cost for the comparative three months ended 30 June 2007of Pounds Sterling 46,667 was higher based on insurance advisory and review costs of the Mowana Mine construction and delay insurance coverage.

Investor relations:

Investor relations costs decreased to Pounds Sterling 34,550 for the three-month period ended 30 June 2008 compared with Pounds Sterling 45,429 in the same period in 2007. The decrease was primarily due to costs paid to a public relations firm during the three months ended 30 June 2007 which were not required during the current year's quarter.

Public company administration:

Public company administration costs decreased to Pounds Sterling 23,319 for the three-month period ended 30 June 2008 compared with Pounds Sterling 35,338 in the same period in 2007. The decrease was primarily due to timing of certain regulatory filing fees and higher costs during the third quarter of 2007 for press release distribution and corporate presentation materials.

Travel and accommodation:

Travel, accommodation, and conference costs increased to Pounds Sterling 43,842 during the second quarter of 2008 compared to Pounds Sterling 35,672 in the first quarter of 2007. The increase during the current year's quarter was the result of the timing of registration expenditures for future conferences the Company plans to attend and increased Botswana based travel costs.

Professional fees:

Professional fees increased to Pounds Sterling 158,638 during the three-month period ended 30 June 2008 compared to Pounds Sterling 87,271 in the previous year's quarter. The increase costs during the three months ended 30 June 2008 was related to three primary reasons: (1) legal fees incurred with respect to the leaving and termination agreement respecting Joseph Hamilton (2) an internal control review completed by an independent consultant as part of compliance with Canadian securities regulations (3) costs paid to a third party consulting firm which provided organizational systems design, reporting structures and implementation services for the Mowana Mine.

Share-based compensation:

Share based compensation expenses for the three-month period ended 30 June 2008 of Pounds Sterling 28,306 (2007: Pounds Sterling 217,402) are non-cash expenses and reflect the derived value of stock options vested during the quarter. An additional amount of Pounds Sterling 7,492 (2007: Pounds Sterling 92,219) was recorded during the second quarter of 2008 as a non-cash expenditure to deferred exploration costs as the original grant of options was made to personnel whose compensation is capitalized to the relevant deferred exploration property. During the second quarter of 2008 no options were granted (2007: nil). The fair value calculated of stock options when granted is amortized to the Income Statement over the period in which the options vest.

Interest Expense:

On 4 April 2008, Messina Copper (Botswana) (Pty) Ltd ("Messina"), the Company's 100% owned subsidiary, completed the placing of Pula 150.0 million (Pounds Sterling 11.2 million) notes with local Botswana institutions (the "Botswana Bond"). The Botswana Bond is denominated in Pula and is an unsecured fixed rate note that bears interest at 14.0% per annum and has a bullet maturity in 7 years. A fee of 2% (Pounds Sterling 250,286) of the total principal amount of the Botswana Bond was paid to the placing agents and was capitalized as a reduction of Interest Borrowings. This placing fee is being amoritized over the loan life, being seven years resulting in an amortization to Note Programme Interest Expense of Pounds Sterling 8,939 for the three months ended 30 June 2008. In addition, interest expense on the Botswana Bond for the three months ended 30 June 2008 totalled Pounds Sterling 409,803.

Hedging loss:

The Company realized a hedging loss of Pounds Sterling 814,340 during the period ended 30 June 2008 on put contracts settled prior to the anticipated start of commercial production as these contracts ceased to be classified as effective hedges. Accordingly, the losses on the April, May, June and July 2008 put contracts were expensed in the Consolidated Profit and Loss Statement. As described under "Critical Accounting Estimates - Derivative Financial Instruments" in this MD&A, mark to market movements in the fair value of the put contracts which are considered effective hedges are recognised directly in equity.

Foreign exchange:

During the three-month period ended 30 June 2008, the Company recorded a foreign exchange loss of Pounds Sterling 37,576 compared to a gain of Pounds Sterling 56,360 during the same period in 2007. The Company has foreign currency exposure with respect to items denominated in foreign currencies. The Company holds and transacts business in multiple currencies, the most significant of which are British Pounds Sterling ("Sterling"), Botswana Pula ("Pula"), South African Rand ("Rand"), Canadian Dollar and US Dollar. As a result, the Company has exposure with respect to items denominated in foreign currencies.

The Pounds Sterling 37,576 foreign exchange loss recorded for the three-month period ended June 30, 2008 was primarily due to foreign exchange losses on foreign currency cash balances of Rand held to finance planned Rand denominated expenditures for the Mowana Mine development. During the second quarter of 2008 the Rand weakened relative to Sterling. Based on rates provided by the Bank of England the Rand/Sterling exchange rate at 31 March 2008 was 16.16330 compared to 15.58050 at 30 June 2008.

The Pula is considered the functional currency for the Company's Botswana subsidiaries. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the Botswana subsidiaries are translated into Sterling using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Translation gains and losses are included in a separate component of shareholders' equity. During the three-month period ended 30 June 2008 the foreign exchange translation loss recognized in shareholders' equity was Pounds Sterling 1 million compared to the translation loss of Pounds Sterling 0.3 million during the three-month period ended 30 June 2007. During the second quarter of 2008 the Pula weakened relative to Sterling. Based on rates provided by the First National Bank of Botswana the Pula/Sterling exchange rate at 31 March 2008 was 13.4470 compared to 13.3125 at 30 June 2008.

Six Months Ended 30 June 2008

For the six months ended 30 June 2008, the Company recorded a net loss of Pounds Sterling 2,646,942 (1.83p per share) compared to a loss of Pounds Sterling 129,473 (0.10p per share) for the six months ended 30 June 2007. As evidenced in the table above, the increased loss for the current six month period compared to the six months ended 30 June 2008 was the result of lower bank interest receivable and increased costs related to Botswana administration, travel, professional fees, interest, and foreign exchange and hedging losses.

The Pounds Sterling 835,699 foreign exchange loss recorded for the six-month period ended June 30, 2008 was primarily due to foreign exchange losses on foreign currency cash balances of Rand held to finance planned Rand denominated expenditures for the Mowana Mine development. During the six months ended 30 June 2008 the Rand weakened relative to Sterling. Based on rates provided by the Bank of England the Rand/Sterling exchange rate at 31 December 2007 was 13.60140 compared to 15.58050 at 30 June 2008.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

The most significant ongoing investing activities during the three and six month periods ended 30 June 2008 were expenditures for the development, pre-strip mining and construction of the Mowana Mine. In addition, capital was also spent for exploration programmes at the Matsitama Project and in areas surrounding the Mowana Mine.

Mowana Mine - mining development and infrastructure and mine plant and equipment

Construction and pre-strip mining activities at the Mowana Mine accelerated, with expenditures totalling Pounds Sterling 14.7 million during the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 24.60 million during the six months ended 30 June 2008. These expenditures were offset by depreciation of Pounds Sterling 137,057 and foreign exchange losses of Pounds Sterling 4.6 million. The foreign exchange loss was the result of translating to Sterling the accumulated mining development, infrastructure and mine plant and equipment balances that are denominated in Pula in the Botswana subsidiary accounts. (See Foreign Exchange under the Overall Financial Performance section of this MD&A).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the Three-month For the Six-month period ended period ended 30 June 2008 30 June 2008 Pounds Sterling '000 Pounds Sterling '000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance at beginning of period: 53,499 48,248 General yard and site work 567 1,385 Process plant 4,261 5,715 Owners cost 345 647 Geology - - Mining 6,235 11,353 Capital WIP 24 347 Ancillary facilities 872 1,781 Share-based expenses 2 23 Fixed assets 1,646 2,195 Depreciation (68) (137) Asset retirement obligation 1,212 1,294 Foreign exchange (362) (4,619) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ending balance 68,232 68,232 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mowana Mine - deferred exploration expenditures

The Company spent Pounds Sterling 368,434 (2007: Pounds Sterling 107,342) during the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 555,141 (2007: Pounds Sterling 185,832) during the six months ended 30 June 2008 on preparing an underground pre-feasibility study and exploration activities in the area surrounding the Mowana Mine in the Mowana prospecting licence area. Work during the period included diamond drilling at the prospect to the south (within the structure hosting mineralization), further compilation and interpretation of geophysical surveys, geochemical orientation surveys and surface prospecting in the vicinity of geochemical anomalies.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the Three-month For the Six-month period ended period ended 30 June 2008 30 June 2008 Pounds Sterling '000 Pounds Sterling '000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening balance 600 413 Geological and geophysical 45 53 Drilling and Assay 117 211 Underground prefeasibility 198 288 Administration 3 11 Salaries 17 40 Foreign exchange (12) (48) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ending balance 968 968 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Matsitama Exploration Project - deferred exploration expenditures

The Company spent Pounds Sterling 392,672 (2007: Pounds Sterling 494,439) during the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 643,976 (2007: Pounds Sterling 775,347) during the six months ended 30 June 2008 on exploration activities in the Matsitama prospecting licence area. The foreign exchange loss of Pounds Sterling 368,878 was the result of translating to Sterling the accumulated Matsitama exploration expenditures that are denominated in Pula in the Botswana subsidiary accounts (See Foreign Exchange under the Overall Financial Performance section of this MD&A).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the Three-month For the Six-month period ended period ended 30 June 2008 30 June 2008 Pounds Sterling '000 Pounds Sterling '000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Beginning Balance 3,792 3,909 Drilling 100 176 Assay 85 95 Geophysical 2 2 Site management and logging - - Depreciation capitalized 4 9 Administration 226 363 Foreign exchange (24) (369) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ending balance 4,185 4,185 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table sets out selected financial data on the Company for the most recently completed eight quarters, which data has been prepared in accordance with applicable IFRS:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 30 June 31 March 31 Dec. 30 Sept. 2008 2008 2007 2007 (Pounds (Pounds (Pounds (Pounds Sterling) Sterling) Sterling) Sterling) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest revenues (581,024) (474,632) (701,279) (795,500) Net loss /(gain)after tax 1,591,286 1,055,656 146,811 (393,693) Basic loss/(earnings) per ordinary share 1.10p 0.74p 0.11p (0.28)p Diluted loss /(earnings) per ordinary share 1.10p 0.74p 0.11p (0.26)p -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 30 June 31 March 31 Dec. 30 Sept. 2007 2007 2006 2006 (Pounds (Pounds (Pounds (Pounds Sterling) Sterling) Sterling) Sterling) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest revenues (785,736) (703,675) (653,176) (660,398) Net loss /(gain)after tax (49,761) 179,234 1,521,716 679,851 Basic loss/(earnings) per ordinary share (0.04)p 0.14p 1.17p 0.53p Diluted loss /(earnings) per ordinary share (0.04)p 0.14p 1.17p 0.53p -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

Please review the discussion under the heading "Overall Financial Performance" in this MD&A for an explanation of the financial results and exchange gains/losses and related period-to-period changes for the three and six month periods ended 30 June 2008.

Fluctuations in the Company's expenditures reflect increases in corporate administrative costs and professional fees associated with seasonal corporate filing and regulatory activities. Specifically, the increased costs related to the preparation of year-end audit files and annual meeting materials, as well as the impact of year-end audit adjustments to financial statements. Other fluctuations in quarterly expenditures relate to increasing administration costs at the Company's Botswana subsidiary as it anticipates commercial production commencing at the Mowana mine. Expenditures on additional personnel and infrastructure were incurred establishing finance, human resource and safety and health departments.

In addition, the Company maintains cash resources in foreign currencies which have resulted in currency exposure with respect to items denominated in foreign currencies. In particular a foreign currency gain of Pounds Sterling 253,175 was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2007 and offset by a foreign currency loss of Pounds Sterling 798,123 in the first quarter of 2008 on fluctuations in the value of Sterling to Rand. During those two periods the Company held Rand to finance planned Rand denominated expenditures for the Mowana Mine Development.

Other quarterly changes occurred as a result of hedging losses incurred on copper put contracts. Put contracts which are deemed to be not effective hedges, are measured at fair value, with the movement in fair value being recognized in the consolidated income. During the fourth quarter of 2007 a loss of Pounds Sterling 406,231 and during the second quarter of 2008 a loss of Pounds Sterling 814,340 was recognized as hedging losses.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

At 30 June 2008, the Company's main sources of liquidity were its cash and cash equivalents of Pounds Sterling 12.8 million (31 December 2007 - Pounds Sterling 22.4 million), debt and project finance alternatives, equity markets and the possible exercise of share options.

On 4 April 2008, Messina completed the Botswana Bond. Please review the discussion under the heading "Overall Financial Performance - Interest Expense" for further details.

As part of the 5-year mining contract (the "Moolman Contract") for the Mowana Mine, in August 2007 Pula 50 million (Pounds Sterling 3.8 million) was lodged by Messina in favour of Moolman Mining Botswana (Pty) Ltd. ("Moolman") as security for Messina's obligations under the Moolman Contract. At the request of Messina, on 29 July 2008, Moolman released such funds and Messina agreed to re-instate such security by 30 June 2009. In consideration for the release of such funds, Messina granted Moolman a lien over the run of mine ore, ore stockpiles and copper concentrate at the Mowana site. Management of Messina intends to request Moolman to waive such Pula 50 million security requirement prior to the deposit due date in June 2009.

Industry wide cost escalation and delays in commissioning have resulted in increased costs of building and operating the Mowana Mine (see "Capital and Operating Costs" on page 3 above). In addition, under the proposed revised mining plan DMS equipment will be accelerated along with development expenditures for both the Thakadu and the Southern Extension areas. As a result, the Company has determined that it will require additional working capital and capital equipment financing.

Based upon financial analysis of the preliminary revised mine plan, which take into account the increases in capital and operating costs, additional working capital and capital equipment financing will be required. In particular, the revised mine plan currently anticipates, among other things, the following expenditures: (1) approximately Pounds Sterling 6.8 million to purchase additional plant and equipment for the DMS plant; (2) required development capital for Thakadu and the Southern Extension; and (3) the above Pounds Sterling 3.8 million required to be deposited as security in favour of Moolman for the duration of the Moolman Contract. Management of the Company intends to obtain such funding via secured project debt and equity. Such funding requirement is currently estimated to be up to Pounds Sterling 20.0 million. This estimate will be finalized upon completion of the revised mine plan. As the Mowana Mine is unencumbered, management believes that the Company will be able to provide security to support any secured project debt.

The majority of the Company's current contractual obligations relate to commitments in respect of development expenditures for the completion of construction at the Mowana Mine and possible termination payments to Moolman should Messina terminate the Moolman Contract early. As described above, Messina was required to lodge Pula 50 million as security in favour of Moolman in support of certain payment obligations in the mining contract. (See Note 5 of the 2nd Quarter 2008 Financial Statements - Other Non-Current Assets).

At 30 June 2008, commitments under such agreements total Pounds Sterling 8.9 million:

---------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2008 2009 2010 Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling '000 '000 '000 '000 Contractual Obligations ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Goods, services and equipment (a) 4,556 4,101 455 - Moolman Contract (b) 3,085 3,085 - - Matsitama exploration licences (c) 1,052 876 176 - Lease agreements (d) 227 104 85 38 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8,920 8,166 716 38 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (a) The Company and its subsidiaries have a number of agreements with arms- length third parties who provide a wide range of goods and services and equipment. The primary commitments relate to the engineering, procurement, construction and management contract ("EPCM") for the construction of the flotation concentrator and related housing and mine facilities at the Mowana Mine. (b) In the event of the optional termination of the Moolman Contract by the Company, a maximum early termination payment of approximately Pounds Sterling 2.6 million, which payment may be reduced, depending upon the number of months notice given, to Pounds Sterling nil upon 6 months notice, together with demobilization charges would be payable. (c) Under the terms of the Company's prospecting licences Matsitama is obliged to incur certain minimum expenditures. (d) The Company has entered into agreements for lease premises for various periods until 5 November 2010.

In conjunction with the off-take agreement signed for the Mowana Mine concentrates, MRI Trading AG subscribed for 7,284,000 ordinary shares at a subscription price of Pounds Sterling 0.70 per ordinary share. The private placement closed on 8 February 2008.

At 30 June 2008, outstanding share options and underwriter's options represented a total of 11,215,000 ordinary shares issuable for maximum aggregate proceeds of Pounds Sterling 8,646,550 if and when exercised.

PROPOSED TRANSACTIONS

There are no proposed assets or business acquisitions or dispositions before the Board for consideration.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet transactions.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

The Company was charged Pounds Sterling 18,270 (2007 - Pounds Sterling 19,501) for the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 38,373 (2007 - Pounds Sterling 40,368) for the six months ended 30 June 2008 by the Summit Resource Management Limited, a company controlled by D. Jones, a director and the Deputy Chairman of the Company, for the provision of fully-serviced office accommodation in Canada and reimbursed expenses. Accounts payable at 30 June 2008 were Pounds Sterling 1,588 (2007 - Pounds Sterling 3,676). The services are provided under a one year contract that expires on 1 September 2008.

The Company entered into an agreement with Pickax International Corporation ("Pickax") and Joseph Hamilton on 1 July 2006 pursuant to which Pickax agreed to cause Joseph Hamilton to provide services to the Company, in the capacity of Chief Operating Officer. Pickax is a corporation controlled by Joseph Hamilton. The agreement replaced an existing executive services agreement on materially the same terms and conditions and was subsequently amended to reflect Mr. Hamilton's appointment as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. On 12 June 2008 the Company signed a termination and leaving agreement (the "Leaving Agreement") with Pickax and Joseph Hamilton who resigned as a director and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and was paid Pounds Sterling 173,040 (inclusive of Canadian Goods and Services Tax) for compensation of loss of office and termination. Including the Leaving Agreement payment, the Company paid Pounds Sterling 192,267 (2007: Pounds Sterling 41,200) during the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 233,467 (2007: Pounds Sterling 82,400) during the six months ended 30 June 2008 to Pickax.

The Company was charged Pounds Sterling 68,137 (2007 - Pounds Sterling nil) for the three months ended 30 June 2008 and Pounds Sterling 68,137 (2007 - Pounds Sterling nil) for the six months ended 30 June 2008 by Aegis Instruments, Micromine and MGE Consulting, companies controlled by Simon Bate, a director of a subsidiary, in respect of provision of geophysical and geological consulting, administration services and reimbursed expenses. Accounts payable at 30 June 2008 were Pounds Sterling 66,819 (2007 - Pounds Sterling nil).

These related party transactions were in the normal course of operations and were measured at the exchange amounts.

RISKS

The exploration for and exploitation of natural resources are speculative activities that involve a high degree of risk. The following risk factors should be considered in assessing the Company's activities. Should any one or more of these risks occur, it could have a material adverse effect on the business, prospects, assets, financial position or operating results of the Company. The risks noted below do not necessarily comprise all those faced by the Company. Additional risks not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems would not likely influence an investor's decision to purchase securities of the Company may also impact the Company's business, prospects, assets, financial position or operating results.

The Company currently depends significantly on a single project, the Mowana Mine

The Company's activities are focused primarily on the Mowana Mine. Any adverse changes or developments affecting this project would have a material and adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, working capital and results of operations.

Copper price volatility may affect the production, profitability, cash flow and financial position of the Company

The Company's revenues, if any, are expected to be derived from the extraction and sale of copper concentrate. The price of copper has fluctuated widely, particularly in recent years, and is affected by numerous factors beyond the Company's control, including international, economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates, global or regional consumption patterns, speculative activities and increased production due to new extraction developments and improved extraction and production methods. In recent years, the price of copper has been affected by changes in the worldwide balance of copper supply and demand, largely resulting from economic growth and political conditions in China and other major developing economies. While this demand has resulted in higher prices for copper in recent years, if Chinese economic growth slows, it could result in lower prices for copper. The effect of these factors on the price of copper, and therefore the current or future economic viability of the Mowana Mine and any other of the Company's projects, cannot accurately be predicted. Any material decrease in the prevailing price of copper for any significant period of time would have an adverse and material impact on the economic evaluations contained in this MD&A and on the Company's results of operations, working capital and financial conditions, as well as the economic viability of the Company's projects.

The development of the Mowana Mine into commercial operation on time and budget and its economic viability cannot be guaranteed

In general, development projects have no operating history upon which to base estimates of future cash operating costs. For development projects such as the Mowana Mine, estimates of mineral resources and mineral reserves are, to a large extent, based upon the interpretation of geological data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques and feasibility studies. This information is used to calculate estimates of the capital costs and cash operating costs based upon anticipated tonnage and grades of ore to be mined and processed, the configuration of the ore body, expected recovery rates, comparable facility and equipment operating costs, anticipated climatic conditions and other factors.

Operating costs are dependent on the costs of various reagents, supplies, spares and labour. While open pit mining costs can sometimes be better estimated than underground mining costs, they are also very dependent on fuel, tyre and maintenance costs, foreign currency exchange rates and availability of skilled labour.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete the development of the Mowana Mine and commence commercial production on time or on budget due to, among other things, changes in the economics, the scope of the pre-stripping and the size of the open pit, delays in the delivery and installation of plant, delays caused by equipment breakdown, cost overruns and availability of power from South Africa. Any additional failure to meet development targets or other operational delays could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, working capital and financial condition.

There can be no assurance that the current personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support the Company's operations. Should any of these events occur, it would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, working capital and results of operations.

The capital and operating cost estimates for the Mowana Mine are estimates only and may not reflect the actual capital and operating costs incurred by the Company

There can be no assurance that final capital cost for the Mowana Mine will not continue to escalate. In addition, there can be no assurance that the actual ore and waste mining costs, transportation and processing costs incurred by the Company will not be greater than currently estimated. Previous capital and operating cost estimates include supplies and inputs, the cost of which the Company has little control over. These include, but are not limited to, transportation and handling charges, the cost of fuel, the cost of electricity, labour costs, reagent costs, smelter charges, the price of construction materials including steel, and the cost of mining equipment and spares. A material increase in one or more of these supplies and inputs may materially increase the actual capital and/or operating costs incurred by the Company. Any material increase may cause the Mowana Mine to become economically unviable or result in additional delays in the completion of the development of the project, either of which would have a material advers

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